Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía / Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia

Objetivo: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. Resultados: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Conclusiones: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria. (AU)

Objective: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. Method: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. Results: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. Conclusions: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions. (AU)

[Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia]. / Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions.

Repercusiones del confinamiento por COVID-19 en pacientes crónicos de Andalucía / Consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in patients with chronic diseases in Andalusia

OBJETIVO: Conocer las repercusiones del confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 en los autocuidados de personas con enfermedades crónicas y en su salud percibida, e identificar factores para el manejo y la gestión de su enfermedad en situaciones de emergencia. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo realizado en marzo-abril de 2020, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19, en Andalucía (España), mediante grupos focales virtuales usando la herramienta telemática Zoom. Se realizaron tres grupos con 34 pacientes (17 hombres y 17 mujeres) con enfermedades crónicas: artritis, diabetes, enfermedad cardiovascular, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, cáncer de mama y fibromialgia. RESULTADOS: Las personas con enfermedades crónicas refirieron repercusiones del confinamiento en relación con su vivencia emocional, sus recursos de afrontamiento, la información recibida, las dificultades para el autocuidado y el contacto/acceso a los servicios sanitarios, además de sugerir aprendizajes para el futuro. Más y mejor información, formación de pacientes, colaboración directa con asociaciones de pacientes por parte de los gestores y una mejora de la accesibilidad telemática a los servicios sanitarios destacan como las principales líneas de mejora para minimizar el impacto de futuros confinamientos en el autocuidado y en la salud de las personas con enfermedades crónicas. CONCLUSIONES: Durante el confinamiento, las personas con enfermedades crónicas experimentaron dificultades más allá del riesgo de contagio: interferencias en el cuidado y en la atención sanitaria recibida. Es necesaria mayor información y más formación a los/las pacientes y mejoras en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios en situaciones de crisis sanitaria

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the self-care of people living with chronic diseases and on their self-perceived health, and to identify factors that may influence the management of their disease in emergency situations. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in 2020 (March and April) in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, through virtual focus groups, using the Zoom telematics tool. Three virtual focus groups were conducted, including 34 patients from Andalusia with different chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer and fibromyalgia. RESULTS: People with chronic diseases reported effects of the lockdown in relation to their emotional experience, their coping resources, the information they received, the difficulties to manage self-care, and the contact or access to health services. They also suggested some lessons learned for the future. The need for more and better information, patient training, involving patient associations, and improving telematics access to health services are the main areas for improvement to minimize the impact of future quarantines on the self-care and the health of people with chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the risk of contracting COVID-19, the difficulties encountered by people with chronic diseases during the lockdown include interferences in the self-care and the health care received. Health crisis situations demand more information, training for patients and improvements in the health services accessibility for patients with chronic conditions

Análisis de las buenas prácticas de participación ciudadana en las unidades de gestión clínica del Servicio Andaluz de Salud / Analysis of good practices for inhabitant participation in the clinical management units of the Andalusian Health Service (Spain)

Objetivo: Conocer buenas prácticas de participación ciudadana en las unidades de gestión clínica (UGC) del Servicio Andaluz de Salud (SAS) y explorar factores percibidos por profesionales de UGC del SAS que pueden influir en la existencia y la distribución de buenas prácticas de participación ciudadana. Método: Estudio con metodología mixta realizado en Andalucía en dos fases (2013-2015). En la fase 1 (estudio cuantitativo) se realizó un cuestionario online a directores/as de UGC con una comisión de participación ciudadana constituida. En la fase 2 (estudio cualitativo) se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del SAS con experiencia en participación ciudadana. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la información cuantitativa y un análisis de contenido semántico de la cualitativa. Resultados: En la fase 1 participaron 530 UGC. Las prácticas de participación ciudadana implementadas con mayor frecuencia en las UGC están circunscritas a los niveles de información y consulta. Otras prácticas que suponen una mayor implicación y delegación ciudadana son secundarias. En la fase 2 se entrevistó a 12 profesionales. Los obstáculos identificados por los/las profesionales que pueden afectar a la distribución de buenas prácticas están relacionados con las creencias y las actitudes de la ciudadanía, los/las profesionales, el sistema sanitario y el contexto. Conclusiones: Las principales prácticas de participación ciudadana en las UGC están relacionadas con los niveles más básicos de participación. No se reconocen claramente la manera y los mecanismos que facilitarían el empoderamiento ciudadano en el sistema sanitario (AU)

Objective: To discover good practices for inhabitant participation in the clinical management units (CMUs) of the Andalusian Health Service (AHS) (Spain) and to explore the reasons perceived by CMU and AHS professionals that may influence the presence and distribution of those good practices among the CMU. Methods: Study with mixed methodology carried out in Andalusia (Spain) in two phases (2013-2015). Firstly, an online survey was delivered to the Directors of the CMUs which had set up an inhabitant participation commission. In a second phase, a qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with professionals from the Andalusian Health Service with previous experience in inhabitant participation. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative information and a semantic content analysis of the qualitative information were carried out. Results: 530 CMUs took part in the survey. The inhabitant participation practices more often implemented in the CMUs are those related to the informing and consultation levels. Twelve professionals were interviewed in the second phase. Other practices with higher inhabitant involvement and delegation are secondary. The barriers which were identified by professionals are related to the beliefs and attitudes of the inhabitants, the professionals, the health system and the environment. Conclusion: The main practices for inhabitant participation in the CMUs are related to the most basic levels of participation. The method and dynamics which facilitate inhabitant empowerment within the health system are not clearly recognized (AU)

[Analysis of good practices for inhabitant participation in the clinical management units of the Andalusian Health Service (Spain)]. / Análisis de las buenas prácticas de participación ciudadana en las unidades de gestión clínica del Servicio Andaluz de Salud.

OBJECTIVE: To discover good practices for inhabitant participation in the clinical management units (CMUs) of the Andalusian Health Service (AHS) (Spain) and to explore the reasons perceived by CMU and AHS professionals that may influence the presence and distribution of those good practices among the CMU. METHODS: Study with mixed methodology carried out in Andalusia (Spain) in two phases (2013-2015). Firstly, an online survey was delivered to the Directors of the CMUs which had set up an inhabitant participation commission. In a second phase, a qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with professionals from the Andalusian Health Service with previous experience in inhabitant participation. A descriptive analysis of the quantitative information and a semantic content analysis of the qualitative information were carried out. RESULTS: 530 CMUs took part in the survey. The inhabitant participation practices more often implemented in the CMUs are those related to the informing and consultation levels. Twelve professionals were interviewed in the second phase. Other practices with higher inhabitant involvement and delegation are secondary. The barriers which were identified by professionals are related to the beliefs and attitudes of the inhabitants, the professionals, the health system and the environment. CONCLUSION: The main practices for inhabitant participation in the CMUs are related to the most basic levels of participation. The method and dynamics which facilitate inhabitant empowerment within the health system are not clearly recognised.

La publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas en España y su repercusión en la población adolescente / No disponible

Objetivos: El consumo de alcohol entre jóvenes es un problema de salud pública, condicionado en gran parte por los medios de comunicación y la publicidad. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los mensajes publicitarios de alcohol difundidos en radio y televisión en España y conocer su potencial influencia en los adolescentes. Métodos: Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de la publicidad emitida en radio y TV, entre 1 de diciembre de 2006 y 9 de enero de 2007, a través de los siguientes pasos: seleccionar emisoras y canales TV; identificar y grabar la publicidad de programas de radio y TV dirigidos a los y las adolescentes; seleccionar y analizar los spots y cuñas radiofónicas. Las variables del estudio cuantitativo han sido: minutos dedicados a la publicidad de alcohol; análisis de audiencias en la población adolescente; y análisis del número de cuñas emitidas. La parte cualitativa se ha centrado en: marca y eslogan, público al que se dirige, estética, protagonistas del anuncio, valores que se transmiten, carga emocional del mensaje. Resultados: Se detectan 914 anuncios publicitarios de bebidas alcohólicas en TV. El 100% de los programas y eventos deportivos analizados presentan marcas de alcohol. El 26% de los spots y el 50% de las cuñas radiofónicas se dirigen específicamente a los jóvenes y todos muestran una imagen positiva del alcohol, valores de libertad, rebeldía y éxito. Conclusiones: Los adolescentes están expuestos a recurrentes mensajes positivos sobre el alcohol. La información y prevención son medidas claves para combatir la convivencia naturalizada con el alcohol

Objective: Alcohol drinking among adolescents is a problem of public health and it is highly conditioned by media and advertising. The objective of this study is to analyze Spanish television and radio alcohol advertising and promotions and to identify their potential influence on adolescents. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative analysis was made of radio and TV alcohol advertising, emitted between 1 December 2006 and 9 January 2007. The methodological steps were: channel and radio station selection; recording of radio and TV programmes directed to adolescents; selection and analysis of TV and radio spots. The variables in the quantitative analysis were: minutes of advertising, audience analysis in the young people; number of radio spots. The qualitative study referred to: brand and slogan, public to which it is directed, advertising protagonists, values and emotional content of the message. anuncio Results: There were identified 914 TV alcohol advertising. 100% of analyzed programs and sport events included alcohol advertise, with spots being the most usual strategy. 26% of spots were specifically directed to adolescents and all showed a positive image of alcohol. 50% of radio commercials sent values like freedom, diversion, social and sexual success. Conclusions: Adolescents are exposed to recurrent positive messages about alcohol, so information and prevention turn extremely important to reduce the naturalized image of alcohol drinking